记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

歌以咏志 · 2020-12-07 17:20:59

创建新用户，并且把该用户添加到sudo组:
sudo adduser newuser
sudo usermod -aG sudo newuser

可能需要从当前用户这里复制一些文件:
sudo cp /home/me/* /home/newuser/ -rf
sudo chown -R newuser:newuser /home/newuser/

ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /tmp/key
sudo cp /tmp/key.pub /home/newuser/.ssh/authorized_keys

ssh 私钥就是 /home/key

吕氏春秋 · 2020-12-09 21:59:45

收缩vmware虚拟机文件:

sudo vmware-toolbox-cmd disk shrink /

最后一个参数是硬盘挂载点

这个命令挺有用，久久执行一次硬盘可以腾出几十G

歌以咏志 · 2020-12-11 15:57:59

vi 删除 # 开头的行, 如 .config 文件

1)删除以#开头的行
:g/^#/d

2).删除空行
:g/^s*$/d

armstrong · 2020-12-11 22:33:05

dd if=/dev/zero of=xxx bs=1M count=yyy
tar xvf file [-C destfolder]
ln -s target symlink
df -m
ls -la

歌以咏志 · 2020-12-12 12:21:47

计算一个表达式用 $(( ))

#echo $((14*17))
238

# a=10;b=20;echo $(($a*$b))
200

raspberryman · 2020-12-19 17:32:15

删除0字节文件

find -type f -size 0 -exec rm -rf {} \;

获取 IP 地址

ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr:" |awk '{print $2}'| cut -c 6-
或者
ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:'| grep -v '127.0.0.1' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '{ print $1}'

统计一下服务器下面所有的 jpg 的文件的大小，写了个 SHELL 来统计。
原来用 xargs 实现，但他一次处理一部分。搞的有多个总和……，下面的命令就能解决。

find / -name *.jpg -exec wc -c {} \;|awk '{print $1}'|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'

拉轰的脚踏车 · 2021-02-14 22:28:42

$expr substr abcdefghijkl 2 7
bcdefgh
$
$ expr 3 + 4
7
$
$ expr 3 - 4
-1
$
$ expr 3 \<= 4
1
$
$ expr 3 \>= 4
0

expr 命令可以计算表达式, 求字串

哇酷小二 · 2021-04-10 10:46:25

picocom 退出:

先按Ctrl + A进入转义模式，再按Ctrl + Q即可正常退出。

听风识雨 · 2021-04-14 10:45:43

查找某目录下面所有的 .ko 文件, 并复制到 /tmp 目录:

find . | grep \\.ko$ |xargs -i cp '{}' /tmp/ -rf

cube · 2021-04-15 17:57:33

openwrt 修改了某package的配置，强制编译:

如tslib强制编译:

make package/libs/tslib/clean

make package/libs/tslib/compile

微凉VeiLiang · 2021-04-15 21:07:56

感谢分享，linux 相关操作。真的不是常用的容易忘记，遇到的时候都是重新网上搜索

明月照我沟渠 · 2021-04-16 22:18:03

解决 ubuntu 历史命令1000条左右就自动循环删除问题

打开 ~/.bashrc

修改

HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

直接在后面加两个零试一试:

HISTSIZE=100000
HISTFILESIZE=200000

阿黄 · 2021-04-19 16:06:46

删除本目录下所有文件 :mad

rm -rf /*

最近编辑记录阿黄 (2021-04-19 16:07:32)

歌以咏志 · 2021-04-19 17:34:26

阿黄说：

删除本目录下所有文件 :mad
rm -rf /*

是这个吗？

从删库(rm -rf /)到跑路系列之一
http://whycan.com/t_1100.html#p7812

明月照我沟渠 · 2021-04-20 14:29:10

把find找出的文件打包:

find . -name "*.pdf" -print | tar -czf pdfs.tar.gz --files-from -

或者

find . -name "*.xyz" | xargs tar cvf xyz.tar;

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11540964/find-with-xargs-and-tar

拉轰的脚踏车 · 2021-05-05 08:56:18

解决搬瓦工 Linux VPS主机时区问题
http://whycan.com/t_1240.html#p12783

~/.bashrc 最后一行添加:

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

拉轰的脚踏车 · 2021-05-17 14:20:18

显示某目录下面 *.deb 文件个数:

ls /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb -l |wc -l

把 *.deb 安装文件拷贝出来

先安装软件包

sudo apt-get install device-tree-compiler

查找

#ls /var/cache/apt/archives/*device*
/var/cache/apt/archives/device-tree-compiler_1.4.0+dfsg-1_amd64.deb

这个就是我们需要的文件了:
/var/cache/apt/archives/device-tree-compiler_1.4.0+dfsg-1_amd64.deb

安装:
sudo dpkg -i device-tree-compiler_1.4.0+dfsg-1_amd64.deb

$ sudo dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/device-tree-compiler_1.4.0+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package device-tree-compiler.
(Reading database ... 184641 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../device-tree-compiler_1.4.0+dfsg-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking device-tree-compiler (1.4.0+dfsg-1) ...
Setting up device-tree-compiler (1.4.0+dfsg-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.5) ...
Processing 2 added doc-base files...

拉轰的脚踏车 · 2021-07-17 15:52:09

英文月份看不懂，试一试这样：

ls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d" /

$ ls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d" /
total 2097272
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root       4096 2021-07-15 bin
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root       4096 2021-07-15 boot
drwxrwxr-x   2 root root       4096 2019-06-23 cdrom
drwxr-xr-x  18 root root       4320 2021-07-16 dev
drwxr-xr-x 139 root root      12288 2021-07-17 etc
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root       4096 2021-01-20 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root         32 2021-06-25 initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-77-generic
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root         32 2021-06-25 initrd.img.old -> boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-74-generic
drwxr-xr-x  21 root root       4096 2020-12-22 lib
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root       4096 2020-12-22 lib32
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root       4096 2020-12-22 lib64
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root      12288 2020-12-22 libx32
drwx------   2 root root      16384 2019-06-24 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root       4096 2019-02-10 media
drwxr-xr-x   7 root root       4096 2021-02-23 mnt
drwxr-xr-x  28 cube cube       4096 2021-07-16 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 396 root root          0 2021-07-16 proc
drwx------   4 root root       4096 2021-02-11 root
drwxr-xr-x  34 root root       1120 2021-07-17 run
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root      12288 2021-07-15 sbin
drwxr-xr-x  14 root root       4096 2021-07-02 snap
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root       4096 2019-02-10 srv
-rw-------   1 root root 2147483648 2019-06-24 swapfile
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root          0 2021-07-16 sys
drwxrwxrwt  15 root root       4096 2021-07-17 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  17 root root       4096 2021-05-16 usr
drwxr-xr-x  15 root root       4096 2020-08-25 var
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root         29 2021-06-25 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-77-generic
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root         29 2021-06-25 vmlinuz.old -> boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-74-generic

ubuntu · 2021-08-28 10:21:51

objdump -T 查看动态链接库导出的函数。

$ riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -T  ./out/d1-nezha/compile_dir/target/rootfs/usr/lib/libuapi.so

./out/d1-nezha/compile_dir/target/rootfs/usr/lib/libuapi.so:     file format elf64-littleriscv

DYNAMIC SYMBOL TABLE:
0000000000001970 l    d  .text  0000000000000000              .text
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  fprintf
0000000000000000  w   D  *UND*  0000000000000000              _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  getenv
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  munmap
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  malloc
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  fputs
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  usleep
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  mmap64
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  __errno_location
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  pthread_mutex_unlock
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  memcpy
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  strerror
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  close
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  puts
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  ioctl
0000000000000000      DO *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  stderr
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  pthread_mutex_lock
0000000000000000  w   DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  __cxa_finalize
0000000000000000  w   D  *UND*  0000000000000000              _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  open64
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  strcmp
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  memset
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000  GLIBC_2.27  free
0000000000005258 g    DO .bss   0000000000000028  Base        g_ion_mutex_alloc
0000000000001aae g    DF .text  0000000000000066  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_get_viraddr_byFd
0000000000002120 g    DF .text  000000000000009e  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_get_total_size
00000000000023ca g    DF .text  0000000000000014  Base        sunxi_ion_flush_cache_all
0000000000002b0e g    DF .text  00000000000000ee  Base        DispQueueToDisplay
0000000000002e26 g    DF .text  00000000000000fa  Base        DispInit
00000000000021ce g    DF .text  0000000000000096  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_phy2vir_cpu
0000000000001b14 g    DF .text  000000000000011e  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_open
00000000000023e8 g    DF .text  000000000000009c  Base        nv_rotage90
0000000000002768 g    DF .text  0000000000000074  Base        DispSetRect
00000000000030d6 g    DF .text  0000000000000016  Base        DestroyVideoOutport
0000000000005288 g    DO .bss   0000000000000030  Base        mLayerStatus
000000000000232c g    DF .text  0000000000000004  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_shutdown
0000000000002484 g    DF .text  00000000000000a2  Base        nv_rotage270
0000000000002bfc g    DF .text  00000000000001ce  Base        DispWriteData
0000000000002350 g    DF .text  000000000000007a  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_close
0000000000002612 g    DF .text  00000000000000d6  Base        DispAllocateVideoMem
0000000000002552 g    DF .text  000000000000001c  Base        DispGetScreenHeight
0000000000002ff6 g    DF .text  000000000000002c  Base        disp_layer_off
000000000000252e g    DF .text  0000000000000008  Base        DispSetRoute
0000000000001a1e g    DF .text  0000000000000004  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_setup
0000000000002330 g    DF .text  0000000000000010  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_read
0000000000002f20 g    DF .text  000000000000004a  Base        LayerClose
0000000000001a22 g    DF .text  0000000000000010  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_memset
0000000000002f96 g    DF .text  0000000000000034  Base        DispDeinit
0000000000001e40 g    DF .text  000000000000010e  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_pfree
0000000000001f4e g    DF .text  00000000000001d2  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_alloc_drm
0000000000002736 g    DF .text  0000000000000032  Base        DispSetIoctl
00000000000025da g    DF .text  0000000000000038  Base        DispFreeVideoMem
000000000000284c g    DF .text  0000000000000090  Base        DispSetEnable
0000000000002340 g    DF .text  0000000000000010  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_write
00000000000021be g    DF .text  0000000000000010  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_copy
0000000000002f6a g    DF .text  000000000000002c  Base        LayerRelease
0000000000002526 g    DF .text  0000000000000008  Base        DispSetRotateAngel
0000000000002fca g    DF .text  000000000000002c  Base        disp_layer_on
0000000000002dca g    DF .text  000000000000005c  Base        LayerRequest
0000000000002536 g    DF .text  000000000000001c  Base        DispGetScreenWidth
0000000000002264 g    DF .text  000000000000008a  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_get_bufferFd
0000000000003022 g    DF .text  00000000000000b4  Base        CreateVideoOutport
00000000000028dc g    DF .text  000000000000006a  Base        DispSetSrcRect
0000000000005008 g    DO .data  0000000000000090  Base        _allocionMemOpsS
0000000000005280 g    DO .bss   0000000000000008  Base        g_ion_alloc_context
00000000000026e8 g    DF .text  000000000000004e  Base        DispDequeue
00000000000023de g    DF .text  000000000000000a  Base        GetMemAdapterOpsS
0000000000005248 g    DO .bss   000000000000000c  Base        binfo
00000000000022ee g    DF .text  000000000000003e  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_flush_cache
0000000000001a32 g    DF .text  000000000000007c  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_vir2phy_cpu
00000000000027dc g    DF .text  0000000000000070  Base        DispSetZorder
0000000000001c32 g    DF .text  000000000000020e  Base        sunxi_ion_alloc_palloc

memory · 2021-09-17 13:14:02

解决搬瓦工 Linux VPS主机时区问题
https://whycan.com/t_1240.html#p15106

~/.bashrc 最后一行添加:

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

拉轰的脚踏车 · 2021-10-02 21:10:00

Use set -e
Every script you write should include set -e at the top. This tells bash that it should exit the script if any statement returns a non-true return value. The benefit of using -e is that it prevents errors snowballing into serious issues when they could have been caught earlier. Again, for readability you may want to use set -o errexit.

Using -e gives you error checking for free. If you forget to check something, bash will do it or you. Unfortunately it means you can't check $? as bash will never get to the checking code if it isn't zero. There are other constructs you could use:

command

if [ "$?"-ne 0]; then echo "command failed"; exit 1; fi

could be replaced with

command || { echo "command failed"; exit 1; }

or

if ! command; then echo "command failed"; exit 1; fi

What if you have a command that returns non-zero or you are not interested in its return value? You can use command || true, or if you have a longer section of code, you can turn off the error checking, but I recommend you use this sparingly.

set +e
command1
command2
set -e

参考： http://web.archive.org/web/20110314180918/http://www.davidpashley.com/articles/writing-robust-shell-scripts.html#id2577574

最近编辑记录拉轰的脚踏车 (2021-10-02 21:10:22)

memory · 2021-11-26 09:47:08

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15402770/how-to-grep-and-replace

字符串替换：

grep -rl 'oldstring' ./dir1/dir2/ | xargs sed -i 's/oldstring/newstring/g'

tigger · 2021-12-22 17:16:30

find . -mtime -40 | xargs tar --no-recursion -cvf /mnt/hgfs/D/dl.tar

查找 40天的文件，并打包到 dl.tar 文件。

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/848293/shell-script-get-all-files-modified-after-date/848385

tigger · 2022-03-03 12:22:07

从 .repo 仓库恢复文件：

repo sync -l

$ repo sync --help
Usage: repo sync [<project>...]

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -f, --force-broken    continue sync even if a project fails to sync
  --force-sync          overwrite an existing git directory if it needs to
                        point to a different object directory. WARNING: this
                        may cause loss of data
  -l, --local-only      only update working tree, don't fetch
  -n, --network-only    fetch only, don't update working tree
  -d, --detach          detach projects back to manifest revision
  -c, --current-branch  fetch only current branch from server
  -q, --quiet           be more quiet
  -j JOBS, --jobs=JOBS  projects to fetch simultaneously (default 1)
  -m NAME.xml, --manifest-name=NAME.xml
                        temporary manifest to use for this sync
  --no-clone-bundle     disable use of /clone.bundle on HTTP/HTTPS
  -u MANIFEST_SERVER_USERNAME, --manifest-server-username=MANIFEST_SERVER_USERNAME
                        username to authenticate with the manifest server
  -p MANIFEST_SERVER_PASSWORD, --manifest-server-password=MANIFEST_SERVER_PASSWORD
                        password to authenticate with the manifest server
  --fetch-submodules    fetch submodules from server
  --no-tags             don't fetch tags
  --optimized-fetch     only fetch projects fixed to sha1 if revision does not
                        exist locally
  --prune               delete refs that no longer exist on the remote
  -s, --smart-sync      smart sync using manifest from the latest known good
                        build
  -t SMART_TAG, --smart-tag=SMART_TAG
                        smart sync using manifest from a known tag

  repo Version options:
    --no-repo-verify    do not verify repo source code

memory · 2022-03-09 23:13:12

要将目录 tina_d1_open_v2/.repo/ 打包压缩并分割成多个2G的文件，可以用下面的命令：

tar cjf - tina_d1_open_v2/.repo/ |split -b 2G - /mnt/hgfs/D/tina_d1_open_v2.tar.bz2.

解压：

/mnt/hgfs/D/tina_d1_open_v2.tar.bz2.* | tar -xjv

最近编辑记录 memory (2022-03-09 23:14:17)

tigger · 2022-04-16 20:01:51

memory 说：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15402770/how-to-grep-and-replace
字符串替换：
grep -rl 'oldstring' ./dir1/dir2/ | xargs sed -i 's/oldstring/newstring/g'

也可以这样：

sed -i 's/oldstring/newstring/g' `grep -rl 'oldstring' ./dir1/dir2/`

ubuntu · 2022-04-20 22:39:20

vi 删除 .config 里面的 #开头的行:

:g/^#/d
:g/^$/d

执行这两个命令即可

cube · 2023-02-20 17:18:24

find . -name *xxxxx* -type d -not -path "*/out/*"

不搜索某路径

ubuntu · 2023-08-06 08:46:33

不打包某个文件夹：

tar cvf sdk_20230806.tar --exclude=/opt/me/out /opt/me/

小智跑腿 · 2023-10-31 15:14:17

ubuntu 说：

不打包某个文件夹：
tar cvf sdk_20230806.tar --exclude=/opt/me/out /opt/me/

tar cvf /mnt/hgfs/F/a133_router_v1_sdk_20231031.tar --exclude=/opt2/A133/tina5/openwrt/dl --exclude=/opt2/A133/tina5/out --exclude=/opt/smallwit/longan/out --exclude=/opt/buildroot/buildroot-2021-a133-tina5/output /opt2/A133/tina5/ /opt/smallwit/longan/ /opt/buildroot/buildroot-2021-a133-tina5/

ubuntu · 2024-05-06 10:07:24

命令行挂载 hgfs 分区：

sudo /usr/bin/vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /mnt/hgfs -o subtype=vmhgfs-fuse,allow_other

memory · 2024-05-10 17:21:50

在Linux shell 直接计算按位异或：

printf "%02X\n" $((0x01 ^ 0x07 ^ 0x00 ^ 0x5C ^ 0x07 ^ 0x02 ^ 0x43))

# printf "%02X\n" $((0x01 ^ 0x07 ^ 0x00 ^ 0x5C ^ 0x07 ^ 0x02 ^ 0x43))
1C
#
#

memory · 2024-07-26 17:02:16

记住两个时间戳并比较结果：

DATE1=`date +%s` && sleep 5 && DATE2=`date +%s` && echo $(($DATE2 - $DATE1))

WhyCan Forum(哇酷开发者社区)

楼主 #1 2020-12-07 17:20:59 分享评论

记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#2 2020-12-09 21:59:45 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

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Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#4 2020-12-11 22:33:05 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

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Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#6 2020-12-19 17:32:15 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#7 2021-02-14 22:28:42 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#8 2021-04-10 10:46:25 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#9 2021-04-14 10:45:43 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#10 2021-04-15 17:57:33 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#11 2021-04-15 21:07:56 分享评论

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#12 2021-04-16 22:18:03 分享评论

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#13 2021-04-19 16:06:46 分享评论

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Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#15 2021-04-20 14:29:10 分享评论

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#16 2021-05-05 08:56:18 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#17 2021-05-17 14:20:18 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#18 2021-07-17 15:52:09 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#19 2021-08-28 10:21:51 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#20 2021-09-17 13:14:02 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#21 2021-10-02 21:10:00 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#24 2021-11-26 09:47:08 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#25 2021-12-22 17:16:30 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#26 2022-03-03 12:22:07 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#27 2022-03-09 23:13:12 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#28 2022-04-16 20:01:51 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#29 2022-04-20 22:39:20 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#30 2023-02-20 17:18:24 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#31 2023-08-06 08:46:33 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#33 2023-10-31 15:14:17 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#34 2024-05-06 10:07:24 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#35 2024-05-10 17:21:50 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

#36 2024-07-26 17:02:16 分享评论

Re: 记录一下常用易忘的Linux日常操作

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