WhyCan Forum(哇酷开发者社区)

## 移植QT5.15

>Host:Linux环境：（阿里云虚拟机）
>
>Linux version 5.4.0-110-generic (buildd@ubuntu) (gcc version 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1)) #124-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 14 19:46:19 UTC 2022
>
>Target:Linux环境（DockRV）
>
>Linux version 5.4.61 (root@aly) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (C-SKY RISCV Tools V1.8.4 B20200702) 8.1.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.32) #10 PREEMPT Sat May 28 12:08:35 UTC 2022
>
>参考链接：
>
>[基于qemu-riscv从0开始构建嵌入式linux系统ch23. linux FB应用——Qt库移植 - CodeAntenna](https://codeantenna.com/a/WAzk1zNnDM)
>
>[基于qemu-riscv从0开始构建嵌入式linux系统ch23. linux FB应用——Qt库移植_Quard_D的博客-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39871788/article/details/119842179)
>
>[Qt-5.3.2 在友善Smart210开发板的移植记录_NewThinker_wei的博客-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/newthinker_wei/article/details/39560109)
>
>[移植QT5.9.1 — Lichee zero 文档](https://licheezero.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/应用/QT_doc2.html)

### 下载源码

> 本次移植的是QT5.15.4,需要在Linux上交叉编译移植到RISC-V开发板上

[点击下载QT5.15.4](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt/official_releases/qt/5.15/5.15.4/single/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.15.4.tar.xz)

```bash
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt/official_releases/qt/5.15/5.15.4/single/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.15.4.tar.xz

tar zxvf qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.15.4.tar.xz
cd qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.15.4
```

解压完毕后进入QT源码目录

### 环境配置

配置交叉编译工具链

添加交叉编译配置文件`qt-everywhere-src-5.15.4/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-riscv64-gnu-g++/qmake.conf`，内容如下：

```shell
# qmake configuration for building with riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++no
MAKEFILE_GENERATOR      = UNIX
CONFIG                 += incremental
QMAKE_INCREMENTAL_STYLE = sublib

include(../common/linux.conf)
include(../common/gcc-base-unix.conf)
include(../common/g++-unix.conf)

# modifications to g++.conf
QMAKE_CC                = riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc   # 需要使用的交叉编译工具链的名称
QMAKE_CXX               = riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LINK              = riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LINK_SHLIB        = riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LIBS              = -latomic

# modifications to linux.conf
QMAKE_AR                = riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-ar cqs
QMAKE_OBJCOPY           = riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-objcopy
QMAKE_NM                = riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-nm -P
QMAKE_STRIP             = riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-strip
load(qt_config)
```

添加编译配置文件`qt-everywhere-src-5.15.4/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-riscv64-gnu-g++/qplatformdefs.h`，内容如下：

```c
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2017 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the qmake spec of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
** General Public License version 3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL3 included in the
** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 requirements
** will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.html.
**
** GNU General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU
** General Public License version 2.0 or (at your option) the GNU General
** Public license version 3 or any later version approved by the KDE Free
** Qt Foundation. The licenses are as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL2 and LICENSE.GPL3
** included in the packaging of this file. Please review the following
** information to ensure the GNU General Public License requirements will
** be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html and
** https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html.
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/

#include "../linux-g++/qplatformdefs.h"
```

修改源码中一个缺失的头文件包含，位于 `qt-everywhere-src-5.15.4/qtdeclarative/src/qmldebug/qqmlprofilerevent_p.h` :52行，添加如下内容：

```c
#include <limits>
```

**在QT源码根目录创建 `configure` 自动配置文件**

```bash
vi autoConfigure.sh
```

文件内容如下,具体配置意思自己百度。

```bash
export PATH=$PATH:/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/prebuilt/gcc/linux-x86/riscv/toolchain-thead-glibc/riscv64-glibc-gcc-thead_20200702/bin/
./configure -prefix ./riscv-qt \
        -opensource \
        -confirm-license \
        -release \
        -strip \
        -shared \
        -xplatform linux-riscv64-gnu-g++ \     
        -optimized-qmake \
        -c++std c++11 \
        --rpath=no \
        -pch \
        -skip qt3d \
        -skip qtactiveqt \
        -skip qtandroidextras \
        -skip qtcanvas3d \
        -skip qtconnectivity \
        -skip qtdatavis3d \
        -skip qtdoc \
        -skip qtgamepad \
        -skip qtlocation \
        -skip qtmacextras \
        -skip qtnetworkauth \
        -skip qtpurchasing \
        -skip qtremoteobjects \
        -skip qtscript \
        -skip qtscxml \
        -skip qtsensors \
        -skip qtspeech \
        -skip qtsvg \
        -skip qttools \
        -skip qttranslations \
        -skip qtwayland \
        -skip qtwebengine \
        -skip qtwebview \
        -skip qtwinextras \
        -skip qtx11extras \
        -skip qtxmlpatterns \
        -make libs \
        -make examples \
        -nomake tools -nomake tests \
        -gui \
        -widgets \
        -dbus-runtime \
        --glib=no \
        --iconv=no \
        --pcre=qt \
        --zlib=qt \
        -no-openssl \
        --freetype=qt \
        --harfbuzz=qt \
        -no-opengl \
        -linuxfb \
        --xcb=no \
        -tslib \
        --libpng=qt \
        --libjpeg=qt \
        --sqlite=qt \
        -plugin-sql-sqlite \
        -I/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/staging_dir/target/usr/include/ \
        -I/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/staging_dir/target/usr/include/allwinner/ \
        -I/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/staging_dir/target/usr/include/allwinner/include/ \
        -L/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/staging_dir/target/usr/lib/ \
        -recheck-all
```

几个关键的配置选项说明介绍一下

+ `-xplatform linux-riscv64-gnu-g++`:

`linux-riscv64-gnu-g++` 就是刚刚创建的配置文件夹里面有刚刚创建的`qmake.conf` `qplatformdefs.h`,指明了所使用的交叉编译工具链。

+ `-I/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/staging_dir/target/usr/include/`
+ `-I/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/staging_dir/target/usr/include/allwinner/`
+ `-I/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/staging_dir/target/usr/include/allwinner/include/`

指示说明库头文件的位置

+ `-L/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/staging_dir/target/usr/lib/`

说明库的位置

+ `export PATH=$PATH:/home/leesum/tina-d1-h/prebuilt/gcc/linux-x86/riscv/toolchain-thead-glibc/riscv64-glibc-gcc-thead_20200702/bin/`

说明交叉编译工具链的位置

**位置参考自己`Tina-SDK`的下载目录**

为`autoConfigure.sh`添加可执行权限

```bash
chmod +x autoConfigure.sh
```

### 交叉编译QT5

进入QT源码根目录,运行刚刚配置的环境。

```bash
source ./autoConfigure.sh
```

若配置成功会显示以下信息


开始编译，具体核心数按照自己的配置指定，预留 **8G** 空间已足够使用。

```bash
make -j2
```

我按照以上配置一次编译成功，没有遇见错误。

编译成功后执行

```bash
make install
```

安装目录在**qt-everywhere-src-5.15.4/qtbase/bin/riscv-qt**

**riscv-qt** 就是刚刚配置文件中`-prefix ./riscv-qt`指定的目录。


将该目录移动到DockRV开发板上，具体方法可以  `tar`  打包后通过 `adb push` 或者`SFTP`发送。

### 测试examples

进入QT5目录，创建环境配置文件 `qt-path`

```shell
vi qt-path

#内容如下
echo begin
export QT_HOME=/root/bin/riscv-qt
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=linuxfb:tty=/dev/fb0
export QT_QPA_FB_DRM=1
export QT_QPA_GENERIC_PLUGINS=evdevkeyboard
export QT_QPA_GENERIC_PLUGINS=evdevmouse
export QT_QPA_EVDEV_MOUSE_PARAMETERS=/dev/input/event1
export QT_QPA_EVDEV_KEYBOARD_PARAMETERS=/dev/input/event0
export QT_PLUGIN_PATH=$QT_HOME/plugins
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:/$QT_HOME/lib
```

鼠标和键盘具体的 **/dev/input/eventx** 可以通过`getevent`获得


激活QT运行环境

```bash
source ./qt-path
```

如果显示

```bash
./zoomlinechart: error while loading shared libraries: libQt5Charts.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
```

检查 **qt-path** 的 LIB 配置

进入 example 目录，运行自带例程

```bash
cd examples/gui/analogclock
chmod +x analogclock
./analogclock
```


HDMI接口显示正常，并且鼠标能够正常移动，可自行测试其他example

由于移植的QT5所有的绘制都是基于软件实现的，运行效果很卡，有好的解决方法可以相互交流。

字体问题也有待解决

### 解决QT5字体问题
> 因为编译的源码库中没有自带fonts，所以不能显示文字。

进入开发板QT5目录，在 `lib` 文件夹中创建 `fonts` 文件夹
```shell
mkdir lib/fonts
```

下载 `TTF 字体文件` 将字体放入刚刚创建的 `fonts` 文件夹中。
[adobe-fonts/source-sans: Sans serif font family for user interface environments (github.com)](https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-sans)


**测试**