WhyCan Forum(哇酷开发者社区)

mmc1_pins: pinmux_mmc1_pins {
		pinctrl-single,pins = <
			AM33XX_IOPAD(0x960, PIN_INPUT | MUX_MODE7)		/* spi0_cs1.gpio0_6 */
			AM33XX_IOPAD(0x8fc, PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0)	/* mmc0_dat0.mmc0_dat0 */
			AM33XX_IOPAD(0x8f8, PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0)	/* mmc0_dat1.mmc0_dat1 */
			AM33XX_IOPAD(0x8f4, PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0)	/* mmc0_dat2.mmc0_dat2 */
			AM33XX_IOPAD(0x8f0, PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0)	/* mmc0_dat3.mmc0_dat3 */
			AM33XX_IOPAD(0x904, PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0)	/* mmc0_cmd.mmc0_cmd */
			AM33XX_IOPAD(0x900, PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0)	/* mmc0_clk.mmc0_clk */
			AM33XX_IOPAD(0x9a0, PIN_INPUT | MUX_MODE4)		/* mcasp0_aclkr.mmc0_sdwp */
		>;
	};

&mmc1{
     status = "okay";
     vmmc-supply = <&vmmc_reg>;
     bus-width = <4>;
     pinctrl-names = "default";
     pinctrl-0 = <&mmc1_pins>;
	 broken-cd;
     //cd-gpios = <&gpio0 6 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
 };

vmmc_reg: regulator@12 {                                            
             regulator-min-microvolt = <1800000>;
             regulator-max-microvolt = <3300000>;
             regulator-always-on;
         };

U-Boot 2014.10 (May 25 2019 - 20:29:07)
       Watchdog enabled
I2C:   ready
DRAM:  512 MiB
NAND:  1024 MiB
MMC:   OMAP SD/MMC: 0, OMAP SD/MMC: 1
Net:   <ethaddr> not set. Validating first E-fuse MAC
cpsw, usb_ether
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
switch to partitions #0, OK
mmc0 is current device
SD/MMC found on device 0
** Unable to read file boot.scr **
222 bytes read in 2 ms (108.4 KiB/s)
Loaded environment from uEnv.txt
Importing environment from mmc ...
Running uenvcmd ...
4107352 bytes read in 238 ms (16.5 MiB/s)
41278 bytes read in 6 ms (6.6 MiB/s)
Kernel image @ 0x82000000 [ 0x000000 - 0x3eac58 ]
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 88000000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x88000000
   Loading Device Tree to 8fff2000, end 8ffff13d ... OK

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.14.79-gbde58ab01e (zhang@zhang-virtual-machine) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.9)) #2 SMP Mon May 27 16:18:18 CST 2019
[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc082] revision 2 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
[    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
[    0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: TI AM335x EVM
[    0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback
[    0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x9e800000
[    0.000000] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
[    0.000000] AM335X ES2.1 (sgx neon)
[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 17 pages/cpu @df939000 s40872 r8192 d20568 u69632
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 129412
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyO0,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext3 rootwait rootdelay=2
[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[    0.000000] Memory: 479932K/522240K available (8192K kernel code, 818K rwdata, 2432K rodata, 1024K init, 7475K bss, 25924K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved, 0K highmem)
[    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
[    0.000000]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
[    0.000000]     fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)
[    0.000000]     vmalloc : 0xe0000000 - 0xff800000   ( 504 MB)
[    0.000000]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xdfe00000   ( 510 MB)
[    0.000000]     pkmap   : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000   (   2 MB)
[    0.000000]     modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000   (  14 MB)
[    0.000000]       .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0900000   (9184 kB)
[    0.000000]       .init : 0xc0c00000 - 0xc0d00000   (1024 kB)
[    0.000000]       .data : 0xc0d00000 - 0xc0dccad8   ( 819 kB)
[    0.000000]        .bss : 0xc0dce000 - 0xc151afc0   (7476 kB)
[    0.000000] Running RCU self tests
[    0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000]  RCU event tracing is enabled.
[    0.000000]  RCU lockdep checking is enabled.
[    0.000000]  RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=2 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[    0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
[    0.000000] IRQ: Found an INTC at 0xfa200000 (revision 5.0) with 128 interrupts
[    0.000000] OMAP clockevent source: timer2 at 19200000 Hz
[    0.000023] sched_clock: 32 bits at 19MHz, resolution 52ns, wraps every 111848106981ns
[    0.000060] clocksource: timer1: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 99544814920 ns
[    0.000141] OMAP clocksource: timer1 at 19200000 Hz
[    0.000870] timer_probe: no matching timers found
[    0.002087] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.002155] Lock dependency validator: Copyright (c) 2006 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar
[    0.002172] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES:  8
[    0.002188] ... MAX_LOCK_DEPTH:          48
[    0.002204] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS:        8191
[    0.002221] ... CLASSHASH_SIZE:          4096
[    0.002237] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_ENTRIES:     32768
[    0.002253] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS:      65536
[    0.002268] ... CHAINHASH_SIZE:          32768
[    0.002284]  memory used by lock dependency info: 4655 kB
[    0.002300]  per task-struct memory footprint: 1536 bytes
[    0.002347] Calibrating delay loop... 795.44 BogoMIPS (lpj=3977216)
[    0.078191] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.078723] Security Framework initialized
[    0.078900] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.078931] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.083137] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.083392] CPU0: Spectre v2: using BPIALL workaround
[    0.085297] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket -1, mpidr 0
[    0.087395] Setting up static identity map for 0x80100000 - 0x80100078
[    0.088378] Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[    0.090675] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[    0.090711] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[    0.090733] SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (795.44 BogoMIPS).
[    0.090753] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
[    0.095889] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.131856] random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc+0xdc/0x260 with crng_init=0
[    0.133293] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant c rev 3
[    0.134367] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[    0.134458] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[    0.136785] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[    0.143041] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.151752] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[    0.212095] omap_hwmod: debugss: _wait_target_disable failed
[    0.271652] cpuidle: using governor menu
[    0.287628] OMAP GPIO hardware version 0.1
[    0.317206] omap-gpmc 50000000.gpmc: could not find pctldev for node /ocp/l4_wkup@44c00000/scm@210000/pinmux@800/nandflash_pins_s0, deferring probe
[    0.325978] No ATAGs?
[    0.326015] hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
[    0.326464] omap4_sram_init:Unable to allocate sram needed to handle errata I688
[    0.326493] omap4_sram_init:Unable to get sram pool needed to handle errata I688
[    0.373976] edma 49000000.edma: TI EDMA DMA engine driver
[    0.383809] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.386129] omap_i2c 44e0b000.i2c: could not find pctldev for node /ocp/l4_wkup@44c00000/scm@210000/pinmux@800/pinmux_i2c0_pins, deferring probe
[    0.386287] omap_i2c 4802a000.i2c: could not find pctldev for node /ocp/l4_wkup@44c00000/scm@210000/pinmux@800/pinmux_i2c1_pins, deferring probe
[    0.386699] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[    0.386722] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[    0.386786] PTP clock support registered
[    0.392644] clocksource: Switched to clocksource timer1
[    0.541421] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0
[    0.541702] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.573985] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.576473] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[    0.576603] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 147456 bytes)
[    0.577327] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
[    0.577879] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 20480 bytes)
[    0.578018] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 20480 bytes)
[    0.578479] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    0.581190] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[    0.581255] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[    0.581275] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[    0.581294] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[    0.585447] hw perfevents: no interrupt-affinity property for /pmu, guessing.
[    0.586586] hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a8 PMU driver, 5 counters available
[    0.589994] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
[    0.593969] audit: type=2000 audit(0.579:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1
[    0.594453] workingset: timestamp_bits=14 max_order=17 bucket_order=3
[    0.598533] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[    0.599044] Key type id_resolver registered
[    0.599095] Key type id_legacy registered
[    0.599294] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[    0.608645] io scheduler noop registered
[    0.608696] io scheduler deadline registered
[    0.608877] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[    0.608902] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[    0.608923] io scheduler kyber registered
[    0.611853] pinctrl-single 44e10800.pinmux: 142 pins at pa f9e10800 size 568
[    0.621790] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 6 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[    0.630011] omap_uart 44e09000.serial: no wakeirq for uart0
[    0.630621] 44e09000.serial: ttyO0 at MMIO 0x44e09000 (irq = 30, base_baud = 3000000) is a OMAP UART0
[    1.572509] console [ttyO0] enabled
[    1.579262] omap_uart 48022000.serial: no wakeirq for uart1
[    1.587307] 48022000.serial: ttyO1 at MMIO 0x48022000 (irq = 31, base_baud = 3000000) is a OMAP UART1
[    1.638653] brd: module loaded
[    1.674577] loop: module loaded
[    1.682246] mtdoops: mtd device (mtddev=name/number) must be supplied
[    1.695960] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[    1.772711] davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: davinci mdio revision 1.6, bus freq 1000000
[    1.782853] davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: detected phy mask fffffffe
[    1.796786] libphy: 4a101000.mdio: probed
[    1.802069] davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: phy[0]: device 4a101000.mdio:00, driver Atheros 8035 ethernet
[    1.816303] cpsw 4a100000.ethernet: Detected MACID = 64:cf:d9:5c:87:ed
[    1.825731] cpsw 4a100000.ethernet: initialized cpsw ale version 1.4
[    1.834220] cpsw 4a100000.ethernet: ALE Table size 1024
[    1.841207] cpsw 4a100000.ethernet: cpts: overflow check period 500 (jiffies)
[    1.854989] i2c /dev entries driver
[    1.863829] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
[    1.871917] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
[    2.035184] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
[    2.047150] oprofile: using arm/armv7
[    2.053235] Initializing XFRM netlink socket
[    2.059448] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[    2.074395] Segment Routing with IPv6
[    2.079363] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[    2.090201] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    2.096319] NET: Registered protocol family 15
[    2.102716] Key type dns_resolver registered
[    2.108529] omap_voltage_late_init: Voltage driver support not added
[    2.116956] sr_dev_init: No voltage domain specified for smartreflex0. Cannot initialize
[    2.127590] sr_dev_init: No voltage domain specified for smartreflex1. Cannot initialize
[    2.138830] ThumbEE CPU extension supported.
[    2.144588] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
[    2.150847] SmartReflex Class3 initialized
[    2.186748] omap-gpmc 50000000.gpmc: GPMC revision 6.0
[    2.194303] gpmc_mem_init: disabling cs 0 mapped at 0x0-0x1000000
[    2.207784] nand: second ID read did not match 30,87 against be,e9
[    2.216224] nand: No NAND device found
[    2.221133] omap2-nand 8000000.nand: scan failed, may be bus-width mismatch
[    2.264245] tps65910 0-002d: No interrupt support, no core IRQ
[    2.275604] tps65910 0-002d: Error in configuring external control EN1
[    2.284338] tps65910 0-002d: Failed to initialise ext control config
[    2.292893] vrtc: supplied by vbat
[    2.298376] vrtc: failed to enable
[    2.303117] tps65910 0-002d: failed to register tps65910-pmic regulator
[    2.311900] tps65910-pmic: probe of tps65910-pmic failed with error -121
[    2.322219] omap_i2c 44e0b000.i2c: bus 0 rev0.11 at 400 kHz
[    2.335217] omap_i2c 4802a000.i2c: bus 1 rev0.11 at 100 kHz
[    2.349510] hctosys: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
[    2.356379] sr_init: No PMIC hook to init smartreflex
[    2.363423] sr_init: platform driver register failed for SR
[    2.371776] lis3_reg: disabling
[    2.376189] wlan-en-regulator: disabling
[    2.384774] Waiting 2 sec before mounting root device...
[    4.404088] Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2...
[    4.822786] random: fast init done

mmc1: card 0001 removed
[  274.240601] mmc1: error -110 whilst initialising SDIO card
[  275.360577] mmc1: error -110 whilst initialising SDIO card
[  276.473379] sunxi-mmc 1c10000.mmc: card claims to support voltages below defined range

 CC [M]  /home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/hal/phydm/rtl8723b/phydm_rtl8723b.o
  CC [M]  /home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/platform/platform_ops.o
  CC [M]  /home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/platform/platform_ARM_SUNnI_sdio.o
  CC [M]  /home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/core/rtw_mp.o
  CC [M]  /home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/core/rtw_bt_mp.o
  LD [M]  /home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/8723bs.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
WARNING: "script_get_item" [/home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/8723bs.ko] undefined!
WARNING: "sunxi_mci_rescan_card" [/home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/8723bs.ko] undefined!
WARNING: "wifi_pm_get_mod_type" [/home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/8723bs.ko] undefined!
WARNING: "wifi_pm_power" [/home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/8723bs.ko] undefined!
  CC      /home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/8723bs.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/share/r8723bs/rtl8723bs/8723bs.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/zhang/linux'

# wpa_supplicant -B -d -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
-sh: wpa_supplicant: not found

# cat /proc/interrupts 
           CPU0       
 19:       7017     GIC-0  27 Level     arch_timer
 21:          0     GIC-0  50 Level     /soc/timer@01c20c00
 22:          0     GIC-0  82 Level     1c02000.dma-controller
 23:      18046     GIC-0  92 Level     sunxi-mmc
 24:      12219     GIC-0  93 Level     sunxi-mmc
 25:          1     GIC-0 103 Level     musb-hdrc.1.auto
 26:          0     GIC-0 104 Level     ehci_hcd:usb1
 27:          0     GIC-0 105 Level     ohci_hcd:usb2
 28:          0     GIC-0  72 Level     1c20400.rtc
 35:        800     GIC-0  32 Level     ttyS0
 36:          0     GIC-0  38 Level     mv64xxx_i2c
IPI0:          0  CPU wakeup interrupts
IPI1:          0  Timer broadcast interrupts
IPI2:          0  Rescheduling interrupts
IPI3:          0  Function call interrupts
IPI4:          0  CPU stop interrupts
IPI5:          0  IRQ work interrupts
IPI6:          0  completion interrupts
Err:          0
# exec 6</dev/lradc 
[  293.796488] genirq: Failed to request resources for my_adc (irq 62) on irqchip sunxi_pio_edge
-sh: can't open /dev/lradc: Invalid argument

static int adc_open(struct inode * inode,struct file * file) //打开设备函数
{
	//注册中断
	int ret;
	ret=request_irq(62,adc_interrupt,IRQF_SHARED,ADC_NAME,1);//注册中断 IRQ_ADC在 mach/irqs.h中定义
	if(ret<0)
	{
		printk("IRQ %d can not request/n",IRQ_ADC);
		return ret;
	}
	return 0;
}

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h> /*创建设备节点*/
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <linux/wait.h> /*定义DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD*/
#include <linux/irqreturn.h> /*定义了irqreturn_t等*/
#include <linux/interrupt.h> /*request_irq disable_irq enable_irq*/
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>  /*其中包含了#include "mach/irqs.h" */

#define ADC_MAJOR 102
#define ADC_NAME "my_adc"
#define SUCCESS 0
/* LRADC_CTRL bits */
#define FIRST_CONVERT_DLY(x)	((x) << 24) /* 8 bits 31:24*/
#define CHAN_SELECT(x)		((x) << 22) /* 2 bits 23:22 */
#define CONTINUE_TIME_SEL(x)	((x) << 16) /* 4 bits 19:16*/
#define KEY_MODE_SEL(x)		((x) << 12) /* 2 bits 14:12*/
#define LEVELA_B_CNT(x)		((x) << 8)  /* 4 bits 11:8*/
#define HOLD_EN(x)		((x) << 6)
#define LEVELB_VOL(x)		((x) << 4)  /* 2 bits 5:4*/
#define SAMPLE_RATE(x)		((x) << 2)  /* 2 bits 3:2*/
#define ENABLE(x)		((x) << 0)
#define IRQ_ADC 62
static int adc_open(struct inode *,struct file *);
static int adc_release(struct inode *,struct file *);
static int __init adc_init(void);
static int __exit adc_exit(void);
static ssize_t adc_read(struct file *,char *,size_t,loff_t *);
volatile unsigned long adc_con;
unsigned long adc_dat0;
int flag;//等待任务完成标志
unsigned long buf;//存放转换完成的数据
//声明等待队列
DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(adc_wait);
struct clk *adc_clk; 
static irqreturn_t adc_interrupt(int irq,void * dev_id)//中断处理程序
{
	if(flag==0)
	{
		buf=(readl(adc_dat0) & 0x3f );//读取转换完成的数据，readw（unsigned int addr）读取16位数据（2字节）
		flag=1;
		wake_up_interruptible(&adc_wait);//唤醒等待其上的进程
		printk("Read value is %ld/n",buf);
	}
	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

struct file_operations  adc_ops =
{
	.owner	=	THIS_MODULE,
	.read	    =   adc_read,
	.open	=   adc_open,
	.release	=	adc_release,
};

static int __init adc_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	adc_clk = clk_get(NULL,"adc");//获取时钟
	clk_enable(adc_clk);//使能时钟
	
	ret=register_chrdev(ADC_MAJOR,ADC_NAME,&adc_ops); //注册设备
	if(ret<0)
	{
		printk("register device fail/n");
		return ret;
	}
	adc_con=(unsigned long)ioremap(0x01C22800,4);
	adc_dat0=(volatile unsigned long)ioremap(0x01C2280C,4);
	if( !(adc_con & adc_dat0) )
	{
		printk("Failed to ioremap/n");
		goto handle;
	}
	printk("Initialized.../n");
	return SUCCESS;
handle:
	unregister_chrdev(ADC_MAJOR,ADC_NAME);
	return -1;
}
static int adc_open(struct inode * inode,struct file * file) //打开设备函数
{
	//注册中断
	int ret;
	//disable_irq(IRQ_ADC);
	//enable_irq(IRQ_ADC);
	ret=request_irq(IRQ_ADC,adc_interrupt,IRQF_SHARED,ADC_NAME,1);//注册中断 IRQ_ADC在 mach/irqs.h中定义
	if(ret<0)
	{
		printk("IRQ %d can not request/n",IRQ_ADC);
		return ret;
	}
	return SUCCESS;
}
static int adc_release(struct inode * inode,struct file * file) //关闭设备函数
{
	free_irq(IRQ_ADC,1);//释放中断
	return SUCCESS;
}
static ssize_t adc_read(struct file *file,
                            char * buffer,
                            size_t length,
                            loff_t * offset)//设备读取函数
{
	
	writel(FIRST_CONVERT_DLY(2) | LEVELA_B_CNT(1) | HOLD_EN(1) |
		SAMPLE_RATE(0) | ENABLE(1), adc_con);       //设置ADCCON writew (unsigned char data , unsigned short addr )写16位数据 2字节
	/*writew((readw(adc_con) | 0x1),adc_con);  //启动AD转换*/
	wait_event_interruptible(adc_wait,flag);
	flag=0;
}
static int __exit adc_exit(void) //驱动卸载函数
{
	iounmap(adc_con);
	iounmap(adc_dat0);
	unregister_chrdev(ADC_MAJOR,ADC_NAME);
	clk_disable(adc_clk);
    clk_put(adc_clk);
	printk("The adc is unintialized/n");
}
module_init(adc_init);         
module_exit(adc_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

[   86.001381] lradc: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[   86.007740] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address fffffffe
[   86.014967] pgd = c3bd4000
[   86.017784] [fffffffe] *pgd=43e88861, *pte=00000000, *ppte=00000000
[   86.024062] Internal error: Oops: 37 [#1] SMP ARM
[   86.028758] Modules linked in: lradc(O+)
[   86.032688] CPU: 0 PID: 98 Comm: insmod Tainted: G           O    4.13.16-licheepi-zero+ #9
[   86.041025] Hardware name: Allwinner sun8i Family
[   86.045722] task: c3966e00 task.stack: c3bf2000
[   86.050259] PC is at clk_enable+0x8/0x10
[   86.054187] LR is at adc_init+0x28/0x1000 [lradc]
[   86.058884] pc : [<c038b988>]    lr : [<bf005028>]    psr: a00e0013
[   86.065140] sp : c3bf3de8  ip : 00000000  fp : bf0020c0
[   86.070357] r10: 00000024  r9 : 3c414d9c  r8 : 00000001
[   86.075574] r7 : c3beb280  r6 : 00000000  r5 : bf005000  r4 : bf0022c0
[   86.082090] r3 : fffffffe  r2 : 00000000  r1 : 00000000  r0 : fffffffe
[   86.088609] Flags: NzCv  IRQs on  FIQs on  Mode SVC_32  ISA ARM  Segment none
[   86.095733] Control: 10c5387d  Table: 43bd406a  DAC: 00000051
[   86.101469] Process insmod (pid: 98, stack limit = 0xc3bf2210)
[   86.107294] Stack: (0xc3bf3de8 to 0xc3bf4000)
[   86.111649] 3de0:                   c389f740 c0701a38 c311e000 ffffe000 bf005000 c010179c
[   86.119817] 3e00: c07d8d20 bf002108 00000000 c0a35a10 c0a35a24 c431afff ffe00000 fffff000
[   86.127984] 3e20: c31032d0 c3beba40 c3e7a920 00000000 00000000 00003bc9 00040000 3c414d9c
[   86.136152] 3e40: bf0020c0 00000001 bf0020c0 00000001 c3bebac0 00000001 3c414d9c c018d748
[   86.144320] 3e60: 00000001 c3beb2a4 c3bf3f50 00000001 c3beb2a4 c018ca5c bf0020cc 00007fff
[   86.152488] 3e80: bf0020c0 c0189e08 c34a5d38 bf0020c0 bf002108 c070301c bf0021f0 c0703000
[   86.160655] 3ea0: c082d7d0 c07dd8f0 c07dd954 c07dd8fc bf00227c 00000000 00001728 c01fac00
[   86.168822] 3ec0: 00001728 00000000 c01facfc 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[   86.176989] 3ee0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[   86.185156] 3f00: 00000000 00000000 7fffffff 00000000 00000003 000c5008 0000017b c0107684
[   86.193324] 3f20: c3bf2000 00000000 00000000 c018d170 7fffffff 00000000 00000003 c3bad018
[   86.201491] 3f40: c311e000 c4318000 00001728 00000000 c4318356 c4318000 00001728 c4319278
[   86.209659] 3f60: c431913c c4318c88 00003000 00003090 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000174c
[   86.217826] 3f80: 0000001c 0000001d 00000015 00000000 00000011 00000000 000c5008 be94fd1f
[   86.225994] 3fa0: be94fbe4 c01074c0 000c5008 be94fd1f 00000003 000c5008 00000000 be94fd1f
[   86.234162] 3fc0: 000c5008 be94fd1f be94fbe4 0000017b be94fd1f 00000000 b6f6c000 00000000
[   86.242329] 3fe0: be94fa40 be94fa30 00025f10 b6ee8a42 800e0030 00000003 00000000 00000000
[   86.250519] [<c038b988>] (clk_enable) from [<bf005028>] (adc_init+0x28/0x1000 [lradc])
[   86.258444] [<bf005028>] (adc_init [lradc]) from [<c010179c>] (do_one_initcall+0x44/0x16c)
[   86.266709] [<c010179c>] (do_one_initcall) from [<c018d748>] (do_init_module+0x60/0x1f0)
[   86.274797] [<c018d748>] (do_init_module) from [<c018ca5c>] (load_module+0x1d80/0x2280)
[   86.282794] [<c018ca5c>] (load_module) from [<c018d170>] (SyS_finit_module+0xa8/0xb8)
[   86.290620] [<c018d170>] (SyS_finit_module) from [<c01074c0>] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x3c)
[   86.298791] Code: e1a00004 e8bd8070 e2503000 012fff1e (e5930000) 
[   86.304969] ---[ end trace 0df6ff5a82d15799 ]---
Segmentation fault

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>

#define PG0 192 //PG0 192=32*6+0
#define DEVICE "myled"
#define MAGIC_NUM 'k'			//定义幻数
#define LED_ON _IO(MAGIC_NUM, 0) //_IO    不带参数的ioctl
#define LED_OFF _IO(MAGIC_NUM, 1)

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  函数名:      led_open
  参数:        struct inode *inode,struct file *filp
  返回值:      int
  描述:        open对应的驱动函数
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
   int ret;
   ret = gpio_request_one(PG0,GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH,"myled");//配置为输出,并初始化为高电平,gpio.txt
   if(ret)
	{
		printk("error: cannot request gpio PG0 \n");
		printk("error ret = %d", ret);				
	}
	gpio_set_value(PG0,1); // GPIO 输出   void gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value); 
	return 0;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
	函数名:		led_release
	参数：		struct inode *inode,struct file *filp
	返回值：	int
	描述：		release对应的驱动函数
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	gpio_free(PG0);// 释放之前声明的 GPIO  void gpio_free(unsigned gpio);
	printk("LED dev release");
	return 0;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
	函数名：	led_ioctl
	参数：		struct inode *inode,struct file *filp,unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg
	返回值：	int
	描述：		led_ioctl函数 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

long led_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
	switch(cmd)
	{
		case LED_ON:
			printk("GPIO LED set low.\n");
			gpio_set_value(PG0, 0);
			break;
		case LED_OFF:
			printk("GPIO LED set high.\n");
			gpio_set_value(PG0, 1);
			break;
		default:
			printk("error cmd .\n");
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
	函数名:		file_opreations led_fops
	参数：		owner, open, release, ioctl		
	返回值:		null
	描述:		file_opreations结构体
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

struct file_operations led_fops ={
		.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
		.open		= led_open,
		.release	= led_release,
		.unlocked_ioctl		= led_ioctl,
};

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
	函数名:		miscdevie led_dev
	参数:		minor, name, fops
	返回值:		null
	描述:		杂项设备
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

struct miscdevice led_dev ={
		.minor		= MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,//minor是这个混杂设备的次设备号，由系统自动配置，
		.name		= DEVICE,			//.name 设备名
		.fops		= &led_fops
};

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
	函数名:		led_init
	参数:		void
	返回值:		int
	描述:		模块初始化参数,安装模块时执行
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static int __init led_init(void)
{
		int ret;
		ret = misc_register(&led_dev);//注册驱动程序时采用misc_register函数注册，此函数中会自动创建设备节点，即设备文件
		if(ret)
		{		
			printk("error: cannot register misc.\n");
			return ret;
		}
		printk("misc-register %s\n", DEVICE);
		return 0;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
		函数:		led_exit
		参数:		void
		返回值:		void
		描述:		模块卸载函数，卸载模块时执行
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
		misc_deregister(&led_dev);//杂项设备的注销过程，其实就是注册过程的逆向过程
		printk("mise-deregister %s\n", DEVICE);
}

module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<asm-generic/ioctl.h>

#define DEVICE          "/dev/myled"
#define MAGIC_NUM       'k'
#define LED_ON   _IO(MAGIC_NUM, 0)
#define LED_OFF  _IO(MAGIC_NUM, 1)

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
       int fd;

        printf("Start led test.\n");

        fd = open(DEVICE, O_RDWR);//O_RDWR：可读可写
        if (fd < 2) {
                printf("Cannot open device %s\n", DEVICE);
                return -EFAULT;
        }       
        while (1) {
                ioctl(fd, LED_ON, 0);//ioctl(int fd,unsigned long cmd,...),fd:文件描述符,cmd 控制命令
                sleep(1);
                ioctl(fd, LED_OFF, 0);
                sleep(1);
        }
        return 0;       
}

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
static int hello_init(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world enter\n");
    return 0;
}

static void hello_exit(void)
{    
    
     printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world exit\n");
}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple hello worild Module");
MODULE_ALIAS("a simplest module");

KERNELDIR:=/home/zhang/linux
obj-m += hello.o
default:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR)  M=$(shell pwd) modules 		
clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(shell pwd) modules clean 

green_led {
			label = "licheepi:green:usr";
			gpios = <&pio 6 0 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; /* PG0 */
			default-state = "on";
		};

/home/zhang/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.4.1/qtwebkit/Source/JavaScriptCore//libJavaScriptCore.a(/home/zhang/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.4.1/qtwebkit/Source/JavaScriptCore//.obj/runtime/JSArray.o):JSArray.cpp:function JSC::JSArray::push(JSC::ExecState*, JSC::JSValue): error: undefined reference to 'void JSC::JSObject::putByIndexBeyondVectorLengthWithoutAttributes<(unsigned char)20>(JSC::ExecState*, unsigned int, JSC::JSValue)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile.jsc:98: recipe for target '../../bin/jsc' failed
make[3]: *** [../../bin/jsc] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/zhang/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.4.1/qtwebkit/Source/JavaScriptCore'
Makefile.JavaScriptCore:126: recipe for target 'sub-jsc-pro-make_first-ordered' failed
make[2]: *** [sub-jsc-pro-make_first-ordered] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/zhang/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.4.1/qtwebkit/Source/JavaScriptCore'
Makefile:93: recipe for target 'sub-Source-JavaScriptCore-JavaScriptCore-pro-make_first-ordered' failed
make[1]: *** [sub-Source-JavaScriptCore-JavaScriptCore-pro-make_first-ordered] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/zhang/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.4.1/qtwebkit'
Makefile:485: recipe for target 'module-qtwebkit-make_first' failed
make: *** [module-qtwebkit-make_first] Error 2

setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=10.23.13.250:/home/nfs ip=10.23.13.100:10.23.13.250:10.23.13.1:255.255.252.0::ens33:off init=/linuxrc console=ttyS0,115200

setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=10.23.13.250:/home/nfs ip=10.23.13.100:10.23.13.250:10.23.13.1:255.255.252.0::ens33:off init=/linuxrc console=ttyS0,115200 

[   13.846063] vcc5v0: disabling
[   13.849045] ALSA device list:
[   13.852010]   #0: V3s Audio Codec
[  109.926754] VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
[  109.933334] VFS: Cannot open root device "nfs" or unknown-block(2,0): error -6
[  109.940659] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
[  109.949032] b300         1932288 mmcblk0 
[  109.949036]  driver: mmcblk
[  109.955831]   b301           20480 mmcblk0p1 adb9da71-01
[  109.955834] 
[  109.962647]   b302         1909760 mmcblk0p2 adb9da71-02
[  109.962650] 
[  109.969455] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
[  109.977713] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.13.16-licheepi-zero+ #6
[  109.985009] Hardware name: Allwinner sun8i Family
[  109.989746] [<c010e4c4>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010b218>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[  109.997489] [<c010b218>] (show_stack) from [<c066187c>] (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[  110.004712] [<c066187c>] (dump_stack) from [<c011b544>] (panic+0xdc/0x248)
[  110.011592] [<c011b544>] (panic) from [<c09011ec>] (mount_block_root+0x198/0x26c)
[  110.019070] [<c09011ec>] (mount_block_root) from [<c09013e4>] (mount_root+0x124/0x12c)
[  110.026982] [<c09013e4>] (mount_root) from [<c090153c>] (prepare_namespace+0x150/0x198)
[  110.034981] [<c090153c>] (prepare_namespace) from [<c0900e24>] (kernel_init_freeable+0x1bc/0x1cc)
[  110.043845] [<c0900e24>] (kernel_init_freeable) from [<c0674198>] (kernel_init+0x8/0x110)
[  110.052016] [<c0674198>] (kernel_init) from [<c0107578>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x3c)
[  110.059589] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
-Boot SPL 2017.01-rc2-00057-g32ab180-dirty (Oct 31 2018 - 22:10:51)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Trying to boot from MMC1

zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/cairosdl$ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o v3s fuzzy-balls.c cairosdl.c -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/SDL -lcairo -lSDL -lm
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/5/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: 找不到 -lcairo
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/5/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: 找不到 -lSDL
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/buildroot-2017.08.1$ make
>>>   Finalizing target directory
/bin/sed -i -e '/# GENERIC_SERIAL$/s~^.*#~console::respawn:/sbin/getty -L  console 0 vt100 #~' /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/inittab
/bin/sed -i -e '/^#.*-o remount,rw \/$/s~^#\+~~' /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/inittab
mkdir -p /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc
echo "buildroot" > /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/hostname
/bin/sed -i -e '$a \127.0.1.1\tbuildroot' -e '/^127.0.1.1/d' /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/hosts
mkdir -p /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc
echo "Welcome to Buildroot" > /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/issue
/bin/sed -i -e s,^root:[^:]*:,root::, /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/shadow
rm -f /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/locales.nopurge
for i in C en_US locale-archive; do echo $i >> /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/locales.nopurge; done
for dir in ; do for langdir in $dir/*; do if [ -e "${langdir}" ]; then grep -qx "${langdir##*/}" /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/locales.nopurge || rm -rf $langdir; fi done; done
if [ -d /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/X11/locale ]; then for lang in C en_US; do if [ -f /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/X11/locale/$lang/XLC_LOCALE ]; then echo "$lang/XLC_LOCALE: $lang"; fi done > /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/X11/locale/locale.dir; fi
rm -rf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/include /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/aclocal \
	/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/lib/pkgconfig /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/pkgconfig \
	/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/lib/cmake /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/cmake
find /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/{lib,share}/ -name '*.cmake' -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f
find /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/lib/ /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/lib/ /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/libexec/ \
	\( -name '*.a' -o -name '*.la' \) -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f
find: `/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/libexec/': 没有那个文件或目录
rm -rf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/gdb
rm -rf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/bash-completion
rm -rf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/zsh
rm -rf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/man /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/man
rm -rf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/info /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/info
rm -rf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/doc /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/doc
rm -rf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share/gtk-doc
rmdir /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/usr/share 2>/dev/null || true
find /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target -type f \( -perm /111 -o -name '*.so*' \) -not \( -name 'libpthread*.so*' -o -name 'ld-*.so*' -o -name '*.ko' \) -print0 | xargs -0 /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip --remove-section=.comment --remove-section=.note 2>/dev/null || true
find /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/lib/ -type f -name 'libpthread*.so*' | \
	xargs -r /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip --remove-section=.comment --remove-section=.note --strip-debug
find /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/lib/ -type f -name 'ld-*.so*' | \
	xargs -r /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip --remove-section=.comment --remove-section=.note --strip-debug
test -f /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/ld.so.conf && \
	{ echo "ERROR: we shouldn't have a /etc/ld.so.conf file"; exit 1; } || true
test -d /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/ld.so.conf.d && \
	{ echo "ERROR: we shouldn't have a /etc/ld.so.conf.d directory"; exit 1; } || true
mkdir -p /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc
( \
	echo "NAME=Buildroot"; \
	echo "VERSION=2017.08.1"; \
	echo "ID=buildroot"; \
	echo "VERSION_ID=2017.08.1"; \
	echo "PRETTY_NAME=\"Buildroot 2017.08.1\"" \
) >  /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/etc/os-release
>>>   Sanitizing RPATH in target tree
/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/support/scripts/fix-rpath target
>>>   Generating root filesystem image rootfs.tar
rm -f /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
rm -f /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/THIS_IS_NOT_YOUR_ROOT_FILESYSTEM
rm -f /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_users_table.txt
echo '#!/bin/sh' > /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
echo "set -e" >> /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
echo "chown -h -R 0:0 /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target" >> /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
printf '   \n' >> /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_users_table.txt
PATH="/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/bin:/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/sbin:/home/zhang/bin:/home/zhang/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/opt/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin" /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/support/scripts/mkusers /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_users_table.txt /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target >> /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
cat system/device_table.txt > /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_device_table.txt
printf '   	/bin/busybox                     f 4755 0  0 - - - - -\n /dev/console c 622 0 0 5 1 - - -\n\n' >> /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_device_table.txt
echo "/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/bin/makedevs -d /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_device_table.txt /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target" >> /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
printf '   	(cd /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target; find -print0 | LC_ALL=C sort -z | tar  -cf /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/images/rootfs.tar --null --no-recursion -T - --numeric-owner)\n' >> /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
chmod a+x /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
PATH="/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/bin:/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/sbin:/home/zhang/bin:/home/zhang/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/opt/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin" /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/bin/fakeroot -- /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_fakeroot.fs
rootdir=/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target
table='/home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/build/_device_table.txt'
/usr/bin/install -m 0644 support/misc/target-dir-warning.txt /home/zhang/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/target/THIS_IS_NOT_YOUR_ROOT_FILESYSTEM

zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/buildroot-2017.08.1/output/host/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabihf/sysroot$ sudo tar cvf /mnt/usb/libcairo.tar ./usr/lib/libcairo* ./usr/lib/engines/lib* ./usr/lib/libpixman-1.* ./usr/lib/libfontconfig.* ./usr/lib/libexpat.* ./usr/lib/libfreetype.* ./usr/lib/libatomic.*
[sudo] zhang 的密码： 
./usr/lib/libcairo.la
./usr/lib/libcairo.so
./usr/lib/libcairo.so.2
./usr/lib/libcairo.so.2.11400.8
tar: ./usr/lib/engines/lib*：无法 stat: 没有那个文件或目录
./usr/lib/libpixman-1.la
./usr/lib/libpixman-1.so
./usr/lib/libpixman-1.so.0
./usr/lib/libpixman-1.so.0.34.0
./usr/lib/libfontconfig.la
./usr/lib/libfontconfig.so
./usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1
./usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1.9.2
./usr/lib/libexpat.la
./usr/lib/libexpat.so
./usr/lib/libexpat.so.1
./usr/lib/libexpat.so.1.6.4
./usr/lib/libfreetype.la
./usr/lib/libfreetype.so
./usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6
./usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6.14.0
tar: ./usr/lib/libatomic.*：无法 stat: 没有那个文件或目录
tar: 由于前次错误，将以上次的错误状态退出

zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/tinyalsa/utils$ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o tinymix tinymix.c mixer.c -L../src -I../include -static
zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/tinyalsa/utils$ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o tinypcminfo tinypcminfo.c pcm.c -L../src -I../include -static
zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/tinyalsa/utils$ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o tinyplay tinyplay.c pcm.c -L../src -I../include -static

zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/tinyalsa/utils$ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o tinypcminfo tinypcminfo.c -ltinyalsa -L../src -I../include -static
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/5/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: 找不到 -ltinyalsa
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/tinyalsa/utils$ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o tinymix tinymix.c -ltinyalsa -L../src -I../include -static
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/5/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: 找不到 -ltinyalsa
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

# ./tinymix contents
-sh: ./tinymix: Permission denied
# chmod 777 tinymix 
# ls
tinymix        tinyplay       usersound.wav
# ./tinymix contents
./tinymix: line 1: syntax error: unexpected "("
# ./tinymix contents
./tinymix: line 1: syntax error: unexpected "("

ifconfig
ens33     Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 00:0c:29:ac:39:d3  
          inet 地址:169.254.63.180  广播:169.254.255.255  掩码:255.255.0.0
          inet6 地址: fe80::576f:3c2:f239:2785/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:4453 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:210 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 
          接收字节:396682 (396.6 KB)  发送字节:32760 (32.7 KB)

lo        Link encap:本地环回  
          inet 地址:127.0.0.1  掩码:255.0.0.0
          inet6 地址: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:260 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:260 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1 
          接收字节:21472 (21.4 KB)  发送字节:21472 (21.4 KB)

zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/tinyalsa/utils$ ./tinyplay /home/zhang/Downloads/record.wav 
failed to open for pcm 0,0
zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~/tinyalsa/utils$ ./tinymix contents
Number of controls: 26
ctl	type	num	name                                    value
0	BOOL	1	Master Playback Switch                  On
1	INT	2	Master Playback Volume                  63, 63 (range 0->63)
2	BOOL	1	Phone Playback Switch                   Off
3	INT	2	Phone Playback Volume                   0, 0 (range 0->63)
4	BOOL	1	Mic Playback Switch                     Off
5	INT	2	Mic Playback Volume                     0, 0 (range 0->63)
6	BOOL	1	Mic Boost (+20dB)                       Off
7	BOOL	1	Line Playback Switch                    Off
8	INT	2	Line Playback Volume                    0, 0 (range 0->63)
9	BOOL	1	CD Playback Switch                      Off
10	INT	2	CD Playback Volume                      0, 0 (range 0->63)
11	BOOL	1	Video Playback Switch                   Off
12	INT	2	Video Playback Volume                   0, 0 (range 0->63)
13	BOOL	1	Aux Playback Switch                     Off
14	INT	2	Aux Playback Volume                     0, 0 (range 0->63)
15	BOOL	1	PCM Playback Switch                     On
16	INT	2	PCM Playback Volume                     57, 57 (range 0->63)
17	ENUM	2	Capture Source                          > Mic, CD, Video, Aux, Line, Mix, Mix Mono, Phone, , > Mic, CD, Video, Aux, Line, Mix, Mix Mono, Phone, 
18	BOOL	1	Capture Switch                          On
19	INT	2	Capture Volume                          0, 0 (range 0->15)
20	IEC958	1	IEC958 Playback Con Mask                unknown
21	IEC958	1	IEC958 Playback Pro Mask                unknown
22	IEC958	1	IEC958 Playback Default                 unknown
23	BOOL	1	IEC958 Playback Switch                  Off
24	INT	2	Playback Channel Map                    0, 0 (range 0->36)
25	INT	2	Playback Channel Map                    0, 0 (range 0->36)